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73. 75. of clearness, emphasis ornament, huinour, or effect."J. T. Shipley : The Dictionary of World Librature: page 239. These are established modes of expression which by differing from the normal and expected make what is said more vivid.” "A. E. Houseman said that all metaphores and similes are ornamental.-Things in essential to poetry.'-The Dictionary of World Literature, page 239. "One can ask oneself how an ornament can be joined to expression. Externally ? In that case it must always remain separate. Internally ? In that case either it does not assist expression and mars it, or it does from part of it and is not an ornament but a constitutent ele pent on expression.” Aesthetic, Ch. IX, page 69. 76. Study of the various figures was originally a oranch १ rhetoric but came to be included in poetics.',- Princeton Encyclodedia of Poetry and Poetics, page 273. (R 1979) The Macmillan Press Ltd. New York. 77: "इह हि तावद् भामहोद्भट प्रभृतयश्चिरन्तनालङ्कारकाराः । प्रतीयमानमर्थ वाच्योपस्कारितयालंकार पक्षनिक्षिप्तं मन्यन्ते । -रुच्यक, अलंकार सर्वस्व, पृष्ठ 4 78, "न कान्तमपि निभूषं विभाति वनिता मुखम् ।” भामह : काव्यालंकार 1.13. पृ. 7, पटना, 1962 19. किमिव हि मधुराणां मण्डनं नाकृतीनाम् । - कालिदास : अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तम् ।। 80. किंचिदाश्रये सौंदर्याद्धते शोभामसाध्वपि । कान्ताविलोचन न्यस्तं मलोमस मिवांजनम् ।। -भामह : काव्यालंकार 1.35. पृ. 26, पटना, 1962 81, गतोऽस्तमर्को भातीन्दुर्यान्ति वासाय पक्षिणः ।। इत्येवमादि कि काव्य वार्तामेनां प्रचक्षते ।। -वही, द. 87, पृष्ठ 63 58
